Frequently asked questions about non-wood forest products

1 - Enhancement of production

a - How can we manage forests to increase NWFP yields? (20)

Accessing site productivity in cork oak stands in Portugal
Amycoforest : Developing mycosylviculture
How management systems affect soil quality of cork oak woodlands? A case study of south Portugal
Inter-tree competition patterns in un-debarked cork oak stands in Portugal
BIJOU project : Burgundy truffle, a quality product with high added value
Thickness assessment and weight modeling of cork in Tunisia: case study of Ain Snoussi forest
The influence of silvicultural practices on resin production: stand density, tree diameter, and use of controlled fire
What are the main variables influencing cork thickness?
Analysis of prescribed burning as a tool to increase resin yield
Soil fertility status of stone pine (Pinus pinea) stands in Portugal
Mulching Tuber melanosporum seedling to accelerate fruiting
Time and dose of irrigation impact Tuber melanosporum proliferation in young black truffle orchards
Regulation of mycological harvesting in Castilla y León MICOCYL
Thinning of dense forest stands can increase the Lactarius group deliciosus yields
Boletus edulis yields are influenced by the basal area of the forest stand
Resin production according to heath type
Stone pine (Pinus pinea) grafting
Potential chestnut map in Castile and Leon
The influence of formation pruning in the cork tree growth rate: a case study.
Maritime pine silvicultural models - what do we know?

b - How can we ensure continuity in quantity and quality in NWFP production? (8)

Mapping the potential for truffle production in a natural environment. Development of a method suited to the private forests of the Mont Ventoux (France)
First assessment of cork oak planting and natural regeneration trials in the PACA region
Design and implementation of a new productive model around the chestnut tree as a rural development model in El Bierzo (Castile and Leon)
Plants subject to commercial picking on French metropolitan territory: commented list
Summer truffle (Tuber aestivum) potential and development opportunities in Croatia
Resin in Spanish National Forest Inventory, Statistics and Planning
Innovative initiatives in the forest sector applied to the resin sector
Prospecting wild populations of Rosmarinus officinalis in Spain

c - How can we reduce interannual production variability? (2)

Impact of irrigation and fertilization on Black truffle (T. melanosporum) fructification
Pine cone weight interannual variation

d - How do improved varieties of plants affect NWFP production? Which are they? (4)

Registered elite clones for cone production in grafted stone pine orchard plantations
Tree breeding program of Pinus pinaster for resin production in the province of Segovia (Spain)
Mass multiplication of ink-resistant chestnut clones by photoautotrophic micropropagation
Clonal variation in susceptibility to Leptoglossus occidentalis in grafted Stone pine plantations

e - How do different harvesting techniques affect NWFP yield? (4)

A wider resin tapping face to enhance resin and timber use compatibility in Galicia, Spain.
Experiences and issues in growing and harvesting lavender
Cork oak harvesting logistics
From gene to resin

f - Can continuous wild NWFP harvesting affect future yields? (0)

g - How can new tools deploy NWFP harvesting on a larger scale? (3)

Storage of acorns as a stock management tool for reforestation and fodder use
Evaluation of the potential of remote sensing data for modelling mushroom yields in forests
MICODATASIG: Territorial Information System on the production and management of mycological resources in Castilla y León region, Spain.

h - Which NWFP might be new alternative crops for Mediterranean forests and rangelands? (2)

Feasibility of small crops of wild medicinal and aromatic plants
Medicinal and aromatic plants of rocky pastures on the northern Adriatic islands

i - What are good practices for intensive management of cultivated NWFP? (4)

CULTURTRUF project : Effect of cultural techniques on water balance in truffle orchards and truffle life cycle
"DirfisMushroom P.C.” From Science to the Market
Greek truffle trees
Conservation and sustainable exploitation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from mountain areas

2 - Profitability

a - How can we assess NWFP quality and ensure a fair price for forest owners? (6)

Adopting a common protocol for selling cork through tendering procedures in public cork oak woodlands in Sardinia (Italy)
Pine cone quality assessment with X-Ray
Field sampling methods for cork value evaluation before cork debarking
Cork quality assessement on the pile
Stone pine cone production estimated by Terrestrial Laser Scanner
Pine cone moisture and marketing

b - How can we maintain the economic profitability of a NWFP business? (6)

Resin: A conservation tool for our pine forests
New business models for innovating the cork sector and contrasting cork oak woodland abandonment
Optimizing the debarking and cutting schedule of cork oak stands
Synergies between forest owners and medicinal plant distiller : The case of Eucalyptus in Andalusia
The cork humidity parameter in the commercialization
Improvement and development possibilities in cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants

c - How can we add value to a product? How can we monetise its production? (4)

Odor origin of fresh and processed truffles
DIAMANT® an innovative solution to the smell of cork in wine
Chestnut flower nectar: an essential ingredient of honey produced in the Montesinho Natural Park
Medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.): use, cultivation and opportunities

d - How can small forest owners get fair access to markets? (1)

Cooperation to reach the market of wild medicinal and aromatic plants

e - How can we group forest owners around a project aiming to value a product other than wood? (2)

Owners group their forest plots into ASLGF to manage their forest and produce essential forest oils
Legal framework for the regulation of the Wild Mycological Resource in Castilla y León region Spain

f - How can we combine revenues from different sources for landowners and how can we assess their profitability? (0)

g - How can mechanical harvesting of NWFP be deployed? (0)

3 - Improvement of the working conditions and training

a - Can we define common labour standards for each country? (1)

The AFC : Structuring harvesting professionals to promote sustainable and respectful management

b - Which solutions favour an optimal working environment? (5)

Reduction of the difficulty of the resin tapper's work with the Biogemme© method.
The sociological profile and social issues of the resin worker in Spain
GOSUBER innovation project for the mechanization of cork debarking
Mechanical harvesting in stone pine (Pinus pinea) stands
Cooperatively design and manufacture tools for small-scale agricultural production

c - How can we improve the safety of the isolated harvesters? (2)

Lone Worker Device
Manual cone harvesting of Pinus pinea in Portugal: equipment used and recommendations

d - How can we improve remuneration of NWFP harvesters? (3)

New drilling method for resin extraction in Segovia (Spain)
Guide to the application of the territorial contract for resin tappers, an innovative institutional support formula for the natural resin sector
Resin cooperativism and business diversification: ingredients for sustainable and quality forestry job

e - How can we link NWFP value chain with sustainable rural development? (3)

A territorial and multi-stakeholder organization for sustainable harvesting of Arnica in its mountain stubble habitat (Hautes Vosges)
Tourist valorization of aromatic cultures in contemporary tourism
RESINEX Operational Group: Professionalization, knowledge transfer and innovation in the resin sector in Extremadura

f - How can we increase the expertise of NWFP producers and technicians? (11)

A new technology of extracting the fixed (non-volatile) oil of Pistacia lentiscus for the benefit of rural women
Intraspecific variability of Quercus suber L. acorn morphology in Northwestern Tunisia
Pine resin tapping in Tunisia
PLANT WILD: Best training practices for collectors of medicinal and aromatic plants
Tunisian Salvia officinalis essential oils: Variations regarding plant organs, harvest season and drying conditions
Assessment of tapping performance on Some pine species in Tunisia
Intraspecific variability and genetic selection of Aleppo pine
The carob tree in Tunisia: A big varietal richness to preserve and to valorize
Improvement of carob cultivation techniques
Data sheets for the manufacture of resin extraction tools
Project PyCup: responsible practices for professional picking. An example of sustainable supply in AMP value chain

4 - Climate change adaptation & forest health

a - Which are the most important biotic stress factors affecting NWFP in relation to climate change? (7)

Influence of cork oak seed origin on budburst and leaf pest damage
Adding knowledge to the impact and ecology of the seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, on stone pine
Influence of rainfall variation on wild mushroom production under future climate change scenarios.
How to prevent Platypus cilindrus attacks?
Cork oak mortality management
Climatic impact on cork thickness from different trees located in the same stand
Impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis on commercial pine nut kernel per cone output

b - Which are the most important abiotic stress factors affecting NWFP in relation to climate change? (3)

Modelling the growth of Pinus pinaster stands in the Landes de Gascogne in a changing climate
Health status of cork oak in France
Decline in Pinus pinaster mixed forests in Central Spain

c - How does climate change affect the resilience of woodlands producing NWFP and how can this be improved? (6)

Predicting impacts of climate change on growth and production of Mediterranean stone pine
Impact of postponing cork extraction on the equivalent annual annuity stands, characterized by varying productivity and cork quality
Promotion of cork oak recruitment in the Mediterranean
Cork oak understory vegetation management
Tree damage control in a cork oak forest
The Archi method applied to cork oak

d - Which are the best provenances of NWFP plants adapted to climate change and how can they be identified? (4)

Seasonal variation of antioxidative molecules and antioxidant activities of Rosmarinus officinalis, Erica Multiflora and Cistus monspeliensis in Tunisia
Modeling Aleppo pine water balance under two Tunisian climate conditions
Seasonal variation of photosynthetic parameters of Erica Multiflora and Cistus monspeliensis in natural Tunisian Aleppo pine forest
Delineation of seed collection zones based on environmental and genetic characteristics for Quercus suber L. in Sardinia, Italy

e - In a context of climate change, how will the geographical distribution of NWFP change? (3)

Ecophysiological study in three sites of natural Aleppo pine forests.
Enhancement of Croatian forest ecosystem services through assessment of fungal diversity based on DNA barcoding with special emphasis to Tuber eastivum (summer truffle)
Study of the sensitivity of cork oak to climate change in Corsica

f - Which integrated pest management schemes concerning NWFP exist? (9)

Evaluation of susceptibility to Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Castanea sativa and in hybrid cultivars
Monitoring of lepidopteran defoliators infesting cork oak in Sardinia
Hot water treatment: an effective method for disinfecting chestnut scions against chestnut gall wasp
Participatory selection of hardy and ink-disease resistant European chestnut trees
Regulation of chestnut blight by hypovirulent strains
Classical biological control of the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus in France
Post-fire presence and dynamics of xylophagous insects on cork oak ecosystems
The chestnut gall wasp in the Portuguese region of Terra Fria Transmontana: Three years of biological control
Chestnut breeding for resistance to root rot/ ink disease

g - How is the geographical distribution of pests & diseases changing? Which new biotic threats are awaiting NWFP? (2)

Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli, two gall wasps introduced in Tunisia
Closterocerus chamaeleon a biological control agent of the eucalyptus gall wasp Ophelimus maskelli

5 - Forest multifunctionality

a - Does NWFP harvesting have an impact on tree growth or health? (0)

b - Does non-edible NWFP harvesting have an impact on wood quality? (3)

Influence of resin tapping on wood characteristics and properties
Technical standardization of resin tapped pine wood for structural use
Technological characterization of the impact of resin extraction on Pinus pinaster

c - How does wood production-oriented forest management affect NWFP yield? (0)

d - What are the conflicting uses between woodlands, plantations and agroforestry systems? (1)

Adoption of a common protocol for describing cork oak woodlands in Sardinia (Italy) for planning and management purposes

e - Is multifunctionality rewarded? (1)

Forest management adaptation to the production of equally worth non-wood forest products – a practical opinion

6 - Forest management considering biodiversity conservation

a - Which sustainable harvesting practices preserve biodiversity and improve production? (13)

Arboretums in Tunisia: importance and interest
Seed germination techniques of Montpellier maple (Acer monspessulanum L.)
Guide and recommendations of the propagation of Lavandula stoechas L.
Seed Propagation Techniques of Myrtus communis L.
A practical guide to seed multiplication of Anthyllis barba-Jovis L.
The selection of Eucalyptus with a melliferous vacation in humid and arid environments
Is the plasticity in response to the drought of Quercus suber linked to the geographical origin?
Impact of the production method on the gentian resource and its regeneration - The sustainable development approach of the Gentian sector
Selection of pine species in Tunisia: Result of the comparative species trials of Souiniet and Djebel Abderrahmen Arboretums
Good practice guide for sustainable harvesting of wild plants
Methodology to assess the situation of a medicinal and aromatic plant species to apply a sustainable management in a specific context
Sustainable wild collection of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.) in the Pyrenees as a conservation practice
Intraspecific variability and genetic selection of cork oak in Tunisia

b - How can we prevent forest fire by NWFP harvesting? (0)

c - How can we restore damaged areas after forest fires through NWFP? (4)

Modelling seed germination of five species of Eucalyptus to facilitate optimal reforestation
Conservation and multiplication of Medicago arborea L.
Optimisation techniques of multiplication of Periploca angustifolia L.
Best practices for seed multiplication of Hedysarum coronarium L.

d - Are mixed stands as productive as monospecific stands? How are they managed? (0)

7 - Ecosystem services

a - Which payment for ecosystem services schemes are currently being used? (1)

FSC certification: granting access to payment for ecosystem services in cork oak woodlands

b - Which policies and tools favour payment for ecosystem services? (2)

Assessment of resin tapping in pine forests of Castilla y León considering social and environmental values
Cork carbon footprint: From forest to products

c - How can carbon sequestration be quantified in woodlands? (3)

Quantifying carbon stocks in Pinus pinea stands: simple allometric models using easily measurable tree variables
Quantify the carbon sequestration of Aleppo Pine forests for developing and boosting forestry
Towards the economic valuation of ecosystem production from cork oak forests in Sardinia (Italy)

d - Are there other tools, besides payment for ecosystem services, to reward the multifunctionality provided by forests? (1)

"Save the Truffle": an initiative to protect and safeguard truffle ecosystems.

e - Which innovative ecosystems services are not studied at this time? (2)

Research on hypogeous fungi in Varaždin County, Croatia – a potential for economy development
Hypogeous fungi research in wider area of National Park ‘Krka’, Croatia – potential for development of mycotourism

8 - Development of new products and derivatives

a - Which new products can be developed from edible NWFP? (10)

Mineral composition of black and white fruits of Myrtus communis L.
Phytochemical Characterization of the Seed Oil of Pinus Halepensis
Valorisation of Ziziphus jujuba fruits
"Nectariss": truffle flavour from real truffles
Praguetruffle: connecting truffles with tourism
Feed Additives: Aromatic Plants and Herbs in Animal Nutrition and Health
Lignite mine reclamation through cultivation of AMP
Pietra : a brand success that brings Corsican identity
Consume chestnut all year? The potential of processed products
Antioxidant capacity and phenol content of Fraxinus angustifolia leaf and bark extracts

b - Which new products can be developed from non-edible NWFP? (13)

Artisanal value of wood and roots of E.loxophleba of El Hanya Arboretum - Sousse
Effect of Short and Long Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater on Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Essential Oils
Antioxidant potential of Pinus nigra Arn needles
Characterization of Melia azedarach. L (leaves and fruits) and their insecticidal effects (Aphis punicea)
Essential oils of Eucalyptus: Comparative performance and promotion of their use
The Value Chain of Aleppo Pine Seeds and the Value Added of Vegetable Oil Extracted from Seeds
Energy value of Eucalyptus cultivated in Tunisia
Assessing the proportion of cork that a stopper should have from a mechanical perspective
GO PinusResina
Traditional collection and use of medicinal plants in the Knin area
Wild medicinal, aromatic and honey plant species of the southeastern part of the Samoborsko gorje
STRADIVERNIS: study of an organic source varnish based on colophane of maritime pine and linen oil
The use of cork in the thermoregulation of beehives

c - How does industry value molecules extracted from NWFP? (10)

Physicochemical characterization of the raw extracts of Arbutus (Abutus unedo L.)
Impact of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on phytochemical composition in Pinus pinea needles
Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and study of biological activities of Pinus brutia needles
Evaluation of the biological activities of natural extract from some species of Portulaca grown in Tunisia
Evaluation of biochemical compositions of Urtica dioica L. extracts grown in Tunisia
Study of antimicrobial activity of pine resin in Tunisia
Study of antioxidant activity of pine resin in Tunisia
Supercritical CO2 extraction technique
New materials development from natural resin by-products
Valorization of a co-product from the manufacture of cork stoppers: creation, production and marketing of an innovative, patented and objectified cosmetic active ingredient.

d - What are the needs and expectations of consumers or users of new NWFP and their derivatives? (3)

Edible below ground fungal fruitbodies in Greece
Traditional use of wild and naturalized plants as a potential for innovation in the development of rural areas of Croatia
Setting up of a short supply chain based on the valorization of cork waste in the Pyrénées-Orientales region

9 - Certification, labels, standards and traceability

a - Which certification schemes or labels are applicable to wild-collected NWFP? (4)

"Castaña del Bierzo", a chestnut Guarantee Label
Setas de Castilla y León Guarantee label
Certifying plants’ wild collection: sustainability is more than conservation
PEFC, forest certification for sustainable sources and traceability, an added value for wild food

b - How can small producers get certification for their product? (1)

Control and certification of ecological medicinal and aromatic plants in Croatia

c - How can harvesters certify that harvesting has followed a sustainable procedure? (1)

What solutions for the certification of wild AMP picking? Prospective study within the FloreS project.

d - How can we guarantee the traceability of NWFP? (7)

SiResin - Resin Information System
ResinApp: A Web/Android App for logistics and natural resin traceability
Evaluation method for the certification of black truffle mycorrhized seedlings
Estimating cork stocks through the National Forest Inventory
MicoQr: New App for the wild mushroom trading
Longal Chestnut - the potential of a traditional regional variety from Portugal's Terra Fria Transmontana
Bar-HRM traceability of plants in food and medicine

e - How useful are quality labels for valuing natural products? (1)

A label for local natural resin

f - How can we include edible NWFP as clearly identified and easily recognised items into the standard consumers basket? (3)

Pine nuts and chestnuts in your store - Mediterranean or imports from Eastern Asia?
Using NIRS to assess the presence of cork anomalies
Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Traceability System

10 – Marketing

a - How can we promote awareness and consumption of NWFP? (3)

Mercasetas/Mercatrufas: Linking producers with consumers.
"Aromas del Encinar - AROEN": aromatic and medicinal plants from Madrid municipality rural areas
A Mushroom Museum in Greece and its products

b - How can we promote territorial marketing of edible NWFP and their derivatives? (4)

The Val di Non and Val di Sole Apples and Flavours route: a successful territorial marketing strategy
Essential oils value chain in Tunisian forests: Conflicts between inclusiveness and marketing performance
«Cèpes du Périgord » : a collective brand at the service of forest owners
Santiago Perea S.L ., a history of innovation in the pine nut sector

c - How can we better value locally produced resources? (3)

A trademark for local specialties, including wild bilberries, in a territory famous for parmesan cheese
A mushroom restaurant in a protected area in Greece
“Lady Truffle”: the “pink” side of truffle

d - How can ethnographic and cultural heritage be integrated in the product identity? (0)

e - How can we introduce new plants or products to the market? (0)

f - How can new markets be explored? (2)

Pooling and joinin together in order to develop economically and preserve the local know-how
Transform local and traditional recipes into a range of health, wellness and gourmet products; example of Abies Lagrimus

g - How can we attract international clients? (3)

SITKA SERVICES: A succesful company promoting mycotourism
An example of good practice in the aromatic and medicinal plants sector
Soria Gastronómica. International Congress of Mycology.

h - How can we link edible NWFP with gastronomy and tourism? (5)

“Il Fungo di Borgotaro”: the first P.G.I. (Protected Geographic Indication) labelled wild mushroom.
An example of good practice in the development of the truffle sector
Don’t forget to use wild edible herbs and fruits
TRUFFORUM: Connecting the black truffle producers with the consumers
The mycological trail of Poblet. A way to promote the mycotourism and related activities

i - How can we value marginal edible NWFP? (0)

j - What are the real production costs and how can the retail price of edible NWFP be adjusted? (0)

k - Do consumers show willingness to pay for quality in NWFP? (0)

11 - Legal framework

a - How can we improve the current legislation to reflect the reality of NWFP and better organise the sector? (4)

Legal framework and proposal for management and certification of wild mushrooms in Greece
Estimate of the quantity of cork on pile in Tunisia
StarTree project: case studies of Non Wood Forest Products value chains, the Trentino Alto-Adige (Italy) regional market of mushrooms
Portuguese resin tapping legislation

b - How can we develop a specific legal framework to encourage local populations to start producing and harvesting NWFP? (3)

The co-management of forest resources in Tunisia: A new approach for sustainable development in the sector of AMP
News for the NWFPs sector introduced by the new Italian fiscal reform
Establishment of truffle plantations - a new form of economic activity in rural parts of Croatia

c - How can we inform policy makers about the importance of legislation for improving the NWFP sector? (0)

d - How can we promote a participatory approach in forest management for NWFP? (3)

The Chestnut Round Table of El Bierzo: a different reference of sectoral concertation.
EUROCASTANEA, the European Chestnut Network
Network of Cork Oak Selected Stands of Extremadura

e - How can we have an adequate/equitable taxation system for all value chain actors? (0)

f - How can illegal harvesting, thefts and black market be reduced? (2)

A permit to collect wild mushrooms in the Landes region (South-West of France)
Illegal trade & protected species: Salep harvesting and orchid conservation in Epirus (NW Greece)

g - How can we reduce the risk of poisoning? (1)

Tools to reduce the risk of poisoning by wild mushrooms

12 - Knowledge transfer & communication

a - Where can you access specific knowledge on NWFP? (3)

The association "Gemme la forêt d'Aquitaine"
SustForest Resin Lab: A network of experimental and monitoring plots of the resin resource
Analysis and management of main ecosystem services and multi-functionality of Sardinian cork oak woods

b - What is the state of the art of decision support tools for NWFP? (1)

A methodology for optimizing Pinus pinea stands from an economic perspective.

c - How can we establish a database of NWFP in the Mediterranean areas? (1)

Medicinal Plants of Epirus

d - What are the pros and cons of bred and commercial varieties versus local ecotypes? (1)

What are the pros and cons of bred and commercial varieties versus local ecotypes?

e - How can we improve cooperation among NWFP producing countries? (0)

f - Where can you deliver your scientific or professional findings efficiently? (1)

Biocastanea - Leading International Fair on Chestnut

g - Which tools, channels and platforms are the most efficient to link researchers with stakeholders? (4)

EUROPEAN MYCOLOGICAL INSTITUTE (EMI): Towards the Territorial Cooperation of wild edible mushrooms
Micophilia in modern Greece. The case of mushroom associations
Vigil’Encre: a citizen science project dedicated to the chestnut ink disease
Threats and concerns in the management of stone pine in Portugal: insights from a survey among stakeholders

h - How can we correctly communicate the ecosystems values derived from NWFP? (0)

i - How can we replicate success stories? (4)

Silvo-pastoral systems in southern Portugal: management challenges from the owner's perspective
Grevena, the town of mushrooms
A comprehensive training program for AMP exploitation
APFC Annual Press Release on Pine Cone Quality